一)基本配置

build配置

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buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter() 
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    } 
}

Android脚本

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apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

Android配置

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android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
}

项目结构

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MyApp
   ├── build.gradle
   ├── settings.gradle
   └── app
       ├── build.gradle
       ├── build
       ├── libs
       └── src
           └── main
               ├── java
               │   └── com.package.myapp
               └── res
                   ├── drawable
                   ├── layout
                   └── etc.
  • Gradle Wrapper结构(这些新建项目时都添加给了用户,不需要重新添加)
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myapp/
   ├── gradlew 
   ├── gradlew.bat
   └── gradle/wrapper/
       ├── gradle-wrapper.jar
       └── gradle-wrapper.properties

运行build任务 - 列出所有可用任务

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$ ./gradlew tasks

生成App-debug.apk任务

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$ ./gradlew assembleDebug

 # Apk路径: MyApp/app/build/ outputs/apk
  • 手动导入Eclipse-Android项目(自动导入请连续点“下一步”)

在项目路径下创建build.gradle文件:

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buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter() 
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    }
}
apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src']
            renderscript.srcDirs = ['src']
            res.srcDirs = ['res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['assets']
        }
        androidTest.setRoot('tests')
    } 
}
dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}

PS 也可以复制粘贴Eclipse-Android项目的源代码到Android Studio的项目里

二)自定义配置

  1. Gradle所有文件结构
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MyApp
   ├── build.gradle
   ├── settings.gradle
   └── app
       └── build.gradle

settings.gradle

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include ':app'

MyApp/build.gradle

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buildscript {
    repositories {
        jcenter()
    }
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    } 
}
allprojects {
    repositories {
        jcenter() 
    }
}

MyApp/app/build.gradle

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apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
    compileSdkVersion 22
    buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.gradleforandroid.gettingstarted"
        minSdkVersion 14
        targetSdkVersion 22
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    } 
}
dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
}

基础任务

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$ ./gradlew assemble -为所有构建类型创建apk
$ ./gradlew check 运行所有的检查,比如说Android Lint,如果发现问题可终止任务
$ ./gradlew build 运行以上两个任务
$ ./gradlew clean -清除生成的apk
++++
$ ./gradlew connectedCheck - 在设备上运行测试
$ ./gradlew deviceCheck - 远程设备运行测试
$ ./gradlew installDebug/installRelease - 在设备商安装指定版本
$ ./gradlew uninstall - 卸载

  • Build Types不同版本的参数设置 - BuildConfig/Resource Value

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    android {
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            applicationIdSuffix ".debug"
                buildConfigField "String", "API_URL","\"http://test.example.com/api\""
            buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "true"
            resValue "string", "app_name", "Example DEBUG"
        }
        release {
            buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://example.com/api\""
            buildConfigField "boolean", "LOG_HTTP_CALLS", "false"
            resValue "string", "app_name", "Example"
        }
    }
    }
  • 全局设置(项目根目录的build.gradle)

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    allprojects {
    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
    android {
        compileSdkVersion 22
        buildToolsVersion "22.0.1"
    } 
    }

    设置全局参数

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    ext {
    compileSdkVersion = 22
      buildToolsVersion = "22.0.1"
    }

    在MyApp/app/build.gradle里面使用参数

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    android {
    compileSdkVersion rootProject.ext.compileSdkVersion
      buildToolsVersion rootProject.ext.buildToolsVersion
    }
  • 默认任务(MyApp/build.gradle)

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    defaultTasks 'clean', 'assembleDebug'

三) 依赖管理

仓库

预设配置仓库

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repositories {
    mavenCentral()
    jcenter()
    mavenLocal()
}

远程仓库

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repositories {
    maven {
        url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/maven2"
        credentials {
            username 'user'
           password 'secretpassword'
        }
    }
    ivy {
        url "http://repo.acmecorp.com/repo"
    }
}

本地仓库

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repositories {
    maven {
        url "../repo"
    }
}

本地依赖

项目文件依赖

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dependencies {
    compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}

原生库结构与配置

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# 结构:
app
   ├── AndroidManifest.xml
   └── jniLibs
       ├── armeabi
       │   └── nativelib.so
       ├── armeabi-v7a
       │   └── nativelib.so
       ├── mips
       │   └── nativelib.so
       └── x86
           └── nativelib.so
# 配置:
android {
    sourceSets.main {
        jniLibs.srcDir 'src/main/libs'
    }
}

Libray项目

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# 修改Android插件:
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
# settings.gradle新增libray项目:
include ':app', ':library'
# app内引用library项目:
dependencies {
    compile project(':library')
}

.aar文件

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# 生成arr
repositories {
    flatDir {
        dirs 'aars' 
    }
}
# 使用aar
dependencies {
    compile(name:'libraryname', ext:'aar')
}

依赖概念

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# 动态版本
dependencies {
    compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.+'
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2+'
    compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:+'
}
  • Android Studio内添加依赖

四)构建变体

构建类型

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android {
    buildTypes {
        # release类型
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
        # staging类型 复制debug类型
        staging.initWith(buildTypes.debug)
        staging {
            applicationIdSuffix ".staging"
            versionNameSuffix "-staging"
            buildConfigField "String", "API_URL", "\"http://staging.example.com/api\""
        }
    } 
}

产品格局

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android {
    productFlavors {
        red {
            applicationId 'com.gradleforandroid.red'
            versionCode 3
        }
        blue {
            applicationId 'com.gradleforandroid.blue'
            minSdkVersion 14
            versionCode 4
        } 
    }
}

构建变体

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<待续>

签名配置

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android {
    signingConfigs {
        staging.initWith(signingConfigs.debug)
        release {
            storeFile file("release.keystore")
            storePassword"secretpassword"
            keyAlias "gradleforandroid"
            keyPassword "secretpassword"
        } 
    }
}

五)多模块构建管理

加速构建

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在gradle.properties里面添加:
org.gradle.parallel=true

六) 测试

单元测试

使用JUnit

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# 结构:
app
└─── src
├─── main
│ ├─── java
        │    │    └─── com.example.app
        │    └───res
        └─── test
             └─── java
                  └─── com.example.app
# 依赖:
dependencies {
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
}

使用Robolectric

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# 依赖:
apply plugin: 'org.robolectric'
    dependencies {
       compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
       compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
       testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
       testCompile'org.robolectric:robolectric:3.0'
       testCompile'org.robolectric:shadows-support:3.0'
}
# Demo:
@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
@Config(manifest = "app/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml", sdk = 18)
public class MainActivityTest {
    @Test
    public void clickingButtonShouldChangeText() {
        AppCompatActivity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MainActivity.class).create().get();
        Button button = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.button);
        TextView textView = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.label);
        button.performClick();
        assertThat(textView.getText().toString(), equalTo(activity.getString(R.string.hello_robolectric)));
    } 
}

功能测试

使用Espresso

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<待续>

测试覆盖度

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<待续>

七)创建任务与插件

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<待续>

八)配置CI

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<待续>

九)自定义配置 - 进阶

缩减apk文件大小

使用ProGuard

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android {
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            shrinkResources true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    } 
}

收缩资源文件 - 自动 (<手动待续>)

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android {
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            shrinkResources true
        }
    } 
}

加速构建

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org.gradle.parallel=true # 并行构建
org.gradle.daemon=true # 开启Gradle守护进程
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m # 配置JVM<参照下图>

使用Profiling

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<待续>

使用Jack(Java Android Compiler Kit) and Jill(Jack Intermediate Library Linker)

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忽略Lint

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android {
    lintOptions {
        abortOnError false
    }
}

使用Ant

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app打包 - 进阶

分割apk

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android {
    splits {
        density {
            enable true
            exclude 'ldpi', 'mdpi'
            compatibleScreens 'normal', 'large', 'xlarge'
        }
    } 
}
生成结果:
app-hdpi-release.apk
app-universal-release.apk
app-xhdpi-release.apk
app-xxhdpi-release.apk
app-xxxhdpi-release.apk

References: - 《Gradle for Android